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Utilization of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques in study of stress-response of cyanobacteria
Skoryk, Maksym ; Šedrlová, Zuzana (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce je soustředěná na zkoumaní cyanobakterií, vystavených hyper a hyposmotickým stresům. Na základě literární rešerše byly navžené vhodné analytické metody určené ke studiu dvou modelových organismu - Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 a Synechocystis sp. salina Wislouch CCALA 192. Celkem čtyři metody byly použité k charakterizaci osmoticky zatížených bakterií. Průtoková cytometrie byla použita k vyhodnocení viability. Fluorescenční sonda SYTOX Blue poskytla důvěryhodnou informaci ohledně viability bakterií. Propidium jodid naopak poskytl nezřetelnou informaci. Optické vlastnosti cyanobakterií byly prozkoumané pomoci UV-VIS absorpčních a turbidimetrických měření. Termogravimetrická analýza byla použita pro mapování změn obsahu vody v osmoticky stresovaných buňkách. Tato metoda ukazala. že PHB-positivní Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 jsou pravděpodobně vice odolné vůči hyperosmotickým stresům než PHB-negativní. Plynová chromatografie byla použita ke kvantifikaci vnitrobuněčného PHB, který činil přibližně 1-2 % suché hmoty PHB-positivních buněk.
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Study on PHA accumulation by cyanobacteria
Pacasová, Viktorie-Alexandra ; Slaninová, Eva (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on studying the influence of selected stress factors on PHB production in strains of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechocystis salina CCALA 192. Cyanobacterial stains were cultivated in multicultivator and as a stress factor an increased salt (sodium chloride) as well as a mixture of acetate and -butyrolactone was selected. The PHB content in cyanobacteria was determined by gas chromatography. In addition, the content and presence of pigments in cyanobacteria strains was determined by pigment extraction as well as using direct spectroscopy of whole cells. When cultivated with an increased salinity, the hypothesis of an increased PHB production was not confirmed most likely due to and overstressing the Synechocystis salina CCALA 192 cultures with increased salt content, constant illumination of multicultivator and by nitrogen limitation due to the used medium. When cultivated with the mixture of acetate and -butyrolactone the stains were analysed in the same way as in the cultivation with an increased salinity. In this case, the presence of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate copolymer was determined in the stain cultivated with the mixture of acetate and -butyrolactone. During this cultivation, a positive effect of initial concentration of cells in the cyanobacterial cultures combined with continuous illumination and the type of nitrogen-limiting type of medium on the growth rate of selected stains was observed.
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Evolutionary engineering of cyanobacteria with respect to PHA accumulation
Vašířová, Kristýna ; Slaninová, Eva (referee) ; Samek, Ota (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to subject selected cyanobacterial strains to adaptive evolution and subsequently investigate the properties of the resulting adapted strains, especially their changes related to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. The theoretical part of the work describes in more detail the issue of cyanobacteria, PHA and their interconnection in the field of evolutionary engineering. Cyanobacterial strains Synechocystis sp 6803 and. Synechocystis salina CCALA 192 were used for evolutionary experiments. Selection pressures of hydrogen peroxide and copper. were applied to selected representatives. The resulting cultures and their ability to accumulate PHA were subsequently assessed by gas chromatography. Both of these selection pressures proved to be unsuitable, as strong growth inhibition was observed after their application to cultures, which did not allow the application of evolutionary engineering methods. In the second half of the experimental part, the provided adapted strains to 6% NaCl were monitored. Adaptation has been shown to have a positive effect on microorganisms, as they have a higher biomass content, better stress resistance and a slight increase in PHA accumulation.
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Process of destratification at Brno dam reservoir
Marek, Tomáš ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Palčík,, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with the process of destratification at the Brno dam reservoir within the activities of a larger project "Clean Svratka", aimed to improvement of water quality in the catchment area upstream the Brno dam. At the Brno dam the project "Implementation of measures at the Brno Reservoir" has been in progress for the third year. Its aim is the proposal and implementation of measures to suppress the cyanobacteria mass development in the dam lake. One of the key measures is aeration and mixing of dam water through a 20 aeration tower. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on seasonal conditions in the dam lake, the technology suitable for destratification and aeration and possibilities of their use. In the practical part of the thesis the seasonal destratification and the impact of meteorological conditions are monitored.
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Toxic products of cyanobacteria with the focus on endotoxins
Eršilová, Kateřina ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Semerád, Jaroslav (referee)
Cyanotoxins are toxic products of cyanobacteria that cause problems (e.g. humans can experience unrecognised health effects), especially when they are overgrown. These cyanotoxins include the group of endotoxins, which includes lipopolysaccharides. Based on a literature search, it was found that the structure of these compounds consists of three chemical parts, Lipid A, a central oligosaccharide and O-Antigen. The structure is not the same for all cyanobacterial species and shows considerable variation. As far as the toxicity of lipopolysaccharides is concerned, it appears to be higher in Gram-negative bacteria than in cyanobacteria. The work in section 4.1 on toxicity states that microcystins do not play a major role in toxicity to Daphnia and that other substances from cyanobacteria will be toxic, while lipopolysaccharides are not excreted. In contrast, Chapter 6 states that lipopolysaccharides from Microcystis are not toxic to Daphnia and that other substances will be behind the toxicity. The thesis further considers that a large number of toxic substances coexist in water blooms, thus synergistic effects are at work in water blooms, hence the toxicity of cultures cultivated in laboratories is lower compared to the toxicity of natural cyanobacterial blooms. Water bloom contain many different...
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Evolutionary engineering of cyanobacteria with respect to PHA accumulation
Vašířová, Kristýna ; Slaninová, Eva (referee) ; Samek, Ota (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to subject selected cyanobacterial strains to adaptive evolution and subsequently investigate the properties of the resulting adapted strains, especially their changes related to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. The theoretical part of the work describes in more detail the issue of cyanobacteria, PHA and their interconnection in the field of evolutionary engineering. Cyanobacterial strains Synechocystis sp 6803 and. Synechocystis salina CCALA 192 were used for evolutionary experiments. Selection pressures of hydrogen peroxide and copper. were applied to selected representatives. The resulting cultures and their ability to accumulate PHA were subsequently assessed by gas chromatography. Both of these selection pressures proved to be unsuitable, as strong growth inhibition was observed after their application to cultures, which did not allow the application of evolutionary engineering methods. In the second half of the experimental part, the provided adapted strains to 6% NaCl were monitored. Adaptation has been shown to have a positive effect on microorganisms, as they have a higher biomass content, better stress resistance and a slight increase in PHA accumulation.
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Study on PHA accumulation by cyanobacteria
Pacasová, Viktorie-Alexandra ; Slaninová, Eva (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on studying the influence of selected stress factors on PHB production in strains of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechocystis salina CCALA 192. Cyanobacterial stains were cultivated in multicultivator and as a stress factor an increased salt (sodium chloride) as well as a mixture of acetate and -butyrolactone was selected. The PHB content in cyanobacteria was determined by gas chromatography. In addition, the content and presence of pigments in cyanobacteria strains was determined by pigment extraction as well as using direct spectroscopy of whole cells. When cultivated with an increased salinity, the hypothesis of an increased PHB production was not confirmed most likely due to and overstressing the Synechocystis salina CCALA 192 cultures with increased salt content, constant illumination of multicultivator and by nitrogen limitation due to the used medium. When cultivated with the mixture of acetate and -butyrolactone the stains were analysed in the same way as in the cultivation with an increased salinity. In this case, the presence of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate copolymer was determined in the stain cultivated with the mixture of acetate and -butyrolactone. During this cultivation, a positive effect of initial concentration of cells in the cyanobacterial cultures combined with continuous illumination and the type of nitrogen-limiting type of medium on the growth rate of selected stains was observed.
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Utilization of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques in study of stress-response of cyanobacteria
Skoryk, Maksym ; Šedrlová, Zuzana (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce je soustředěná na zkoumaní cyanobakterií, vystavených hyper a hyposmotickým stresům. Na základě literární rešerše byly navžené vhodné analytické metody určené ke studiu dvou modelových organismu - Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 a Synechocystis sp. salina Wislouch CCALA 192. Celkem čtyři metody byly použité k charakterizaci osmoticky zatížených bakterií. Průtoková cytometrie byla použita k vyhodnocení viability. Fluorescenční sonda SYTOX Blue poskytla důvěryhodnou informaci ohledně viability bakterií. Propidium jodid naopak poskytl nezřetelnou informaci. Optické vlastnosti cyanobakterií byly prozkoumané pomoci UV-VIS absorpčních a turbidimetrických měření. Termogravimetrická analýza byla použita pro mapování změn obsahu vody v osmoticky stresovaných buňkách. Tato metoda ukazala. že PHB-positivní Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 jsou pravděpodobně vice odolné vůči hyperosmotickým stresům než PHB-negativní. Plynová chromatografie byla použita ke kvantifikaci vnitrobuněčného PHB, který činil přibližně 1-2 % suché hmoty PHB-positivních buněk.
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Utilization of algae in the food industry
Patloková, Kateřina
The thesis Utilization of algae in the food industry is primarily focused on characteristics and systematic classification of all significant genera of Cyanobacteria, microalgae and macroalgae, which can be directly consumed in fresh forms or culinary processed to various dishes. In addition, algae are also an important source of many substances that are often used in the food industry. Therefore the second part of the literary review contains chapters about further use as extraction of hydrocolloids, nutraceuticals or natural colourants. In this thesis, I am also attempting to inform users of alternative ways of healthy and ecologically sustainable eating by presenting many records of the beneficial health effects of algae. All scientific names of plants used in the thesis are taken from the concept of taxa published by Ruggiero, et al. in 2015 and from world-wide electronic publication accessed through World Register of Marine Species (Guiry & Guiry, 2019). The thesis is the culmination of my studies in Norway in 2017, which greatly enriched my knowledge on the field of algae production.
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Process of destratification at Brno dam reservoir
Marek, Tomáš ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Palčík,, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with the process of destratification at the Brno dam reservoir within the activities of a larger project "Clean Svratka", aimed to improvement of water quality in the catchment area upstream the Brno dam. At the Brno dam the project "Implementation of measures at the Brno Reservoir" has been in progress for the third year. Its aim is the proposal and implementation of measures to suppress the cyanobacteria mass development in the dam lake. One of the key measures is aeration and mixing of dam water through a 20 aeration tower. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on seasonal conditions in the dam lake, the technology suitable for destratification and aeration and possibilities of their use. In the practical part of the thesis the seasonal destratification and the impact of meteorological conditions are monitored.
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